The use of semantic HTML is one of the fundamental pillars to improve the accessibility of websites. This chapter will focus on how semantic tags help structure content logically, making it easier to understand and navigate for both users and assistive technologies.

What is Semantic HTML?

Semantic HTML refers to the use of tags that have a clear meaning regarding the content they encompass. For example, tags like <header>, <article>, and <footer> not only help developers understand the purpose of each section, but also allow screen readers and other devices to correctly identify parts of a page.

Benefits of Semantic HTML for Accessibility

• Better understanding for screen readers: Semantic tags allow users to navigate content more efficiently.
• Enhanced navigation: Facilitates the creation of clear landmarks on the page, such as headings and sections.
• Compatibility with assistive technologies: Provides a structural framework that these tools can easily interpret.

Example of basic semantic structure:

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Proper Use of Headings

Headings (<h1> to <h6>) are essential for organizing content hierarchically. Correct usage enhances both navigation and overall user experience.

Example of a heading hierarchy:

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Roles and Landmarks with Semantic HTML

Some semantic tags have implicit roles that assistive technologies recognize automatically. For example:

• <header>: Marks the header of the page or section.
• <main>: Defines the main content of the page.
• <footer>: Indicates the footer.

Additionally, these tags eliminate the need for additional ARIA roles in many cases, simplifying the code and enhancing robustness.

Example of implicit roles usage:

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Avoid Non-Semantic Tags

The use of generic tags like <div> or <span> should be limited to cases where no semantic alternative is available. These tags lack intrinsic meaning, which can hinder understanding and navigation.

Example of non-semantic vs semantic tag:

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Conclusion

Semantic HTML not only improves accessibility, but also promotes cleaner, easier-to-maintain code. Its implementation is a simple yet powerful way to make websites more inclusive.

In the next chapter, we will explore how to create accessible forms to ensure that all users can interact with them easily. Stay with us!